Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1yanayi ne da ke haifar da lalacewa ta autoimmune na ƙwayoyin b-insulin da ke samarwa na tsibiran pancreatic, yawanci yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin insulin na endogenous.Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 yana da kusan kashi 5-10% na duk masu ciwon sukari.Duk da cewa abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin balaga da kuma farkon balagagge, sabon ciwon sukari na nau'in 1 yana faruwa a cikin dukkanin kungiyoyi masu shekaru kuma mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 suna rayuwa shekaru da yawa bayan fara cutar, kamar yadda gaba ɗaya yaduwa na nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 shine. mafi girma a cikin manya fiye da yara, yana ba da hujjar mayar da hankali kan nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin manya (1).Adadin masu fama da ciwon suga na nau'in 1 a duniya shine kashi 5.9 cikin 10,000, yayin da lamarin ya karu cikin sauri a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata kuma a halin yanzu an kiyasta kashi 15 cikin 100,000 a kowace shekara (2).
Kafin gano insulin karnin da suka gabata, nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 yana da alaƙa da tsawon rayuwa a cikin 'yan watanni.Tun daga shekara ta 1922, an yi amfani da ɗanyen ɗanyen da aka samu na insulin waje, wanda aka samo daga pancreass na dabba don kula da masu ciwon sukari na 1.A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an daidaita yawan adadin insulin, maganin insulin ya zama mafi tsabta, wanda ya haifar da raguwar rigakafi, da kuma abubuwan da suka hada da, irin su zinc da protamine, an haɗa su cikin maganin insulin don ƙara tsawon lokacin aiki.A cikin 1980s, an haɓaka insulins na ɗan adam semisynthetic da recombinant, kuma a tsakiyar 1990s, ana samun analogs na insulin.An tsara analog ɗin insulin na Basal tare da tsawan lokaci na aiki da rage sauye-sauye na pharmacodynamic idan aka kwatanta da insulin ɗan adam na protamine (NPH), yayin da aka gabatar da analogs masu saurin aiki tare da saurin farawa da gajeru fiye da gajeriyar aiki ("na yau da kullun") na insulin ɗan adam, wanda ya haifar da raguwa. farkon postprandialhyperglycemiakuma kadan daga bayahypoglycemiasa'o'i da yawa bayan cin abinci (3).
Gano insulin ya canza rayuwar mutane da yawa, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana cewa nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 yana da alaƙa da haɓaka rikice-rikice na dogon lokaci da kuma rage tsawon rayuwa.A cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata, ci gaba a cikin insulin, isar da sa, da fasaha don auna ma'aunin glycemic sun canza yadda ake sarrafa nau'in ciwon sukari na 1.Duk da waɗannan ci gaban, yawancin mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ba su kai ga maƙasudin glycemic ɗin da ake buƙata don hana ko jinkirta ci gaban rikice-rikicen ciwon sukari, wanda ke ci gaba da ɗaukar nauyi na asibiti da na tunani.
Gane kalubalen da ke gudana na nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 da saurin haɓaka sabbin jiyya da fasaha, daƘungiyar Turai don Nazarin Ciwon sukari (EASD)da kumaƘungiyar Ciwon sukari ta Amirka (ADA)ta kira ƙungiyar rubuce-rubuce don haɓaka rahoton yarjejeniya kan sarrafa nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin manya, masu shekaru 18 da sama.Rukunin rubuce-rubucen sun san jagorar ƙasa da ƙasa game da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 kuma ba su nemi maimaita wannan ba, amma sun yi niyya don nuna manyan wuraren kulawa waɗanda kwararrun masana kiwon lafiya yakamata suyi la'akari da su yayin gudanar da manya masu fama da ciwon sukari na 1.Rahoton yarjejeniya ya fi mayar da hankali kan dabarun sarrafa glycemic na yanzu da na gaba da kuma abubuwan gaggawa na rayuwa.An yi la'akari da ci gaba na baya-bayan nan game da gano cutar siga ta 1.Ba kamar sauran yanayi na yau da kullun ba, nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 yana sanya nauyin kulawa na musamman akan mutumin da ke da yanayin.Baya ga hadaddun tsarin magunguna, ana kuma buƙatar wasu gyare-gyaren ɗabi'a;duk wannan yana buƙatar ilimi mai yawa da fasaha don kewaya tsakanin hyper- da hypoglycemia.MuhimmancinIlimin kula da kai da ciwon sukari (DSMES)kuma kulawar psychosocial an rubuta daidai a cikin rahoton.Yayin da yake yarda da mahimmancin mahimmanci da farashi na nunawa, bincike, da kuma kula da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na ciwon sukari, cikakken bayanin kula da waɗannan matsalolin ya wuce iyakar wannan rahoto.
Magana
1. Miller RG, Sirrin AM, Sharma RK, Songer TJ, Orchard TJ.Haɓakawa a cikin tsammanin rayuwa na nau'in ciwon sukari na 1: ƙungiyar Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications binciken ƙungiyar.Ciwon sukari
2012;61:2987–2992
2. Mobasseri M, Shirmohammadi M, Amiri T, Vahed N, Hosseini Fard H, Ghojazadeh M. Yawaitawa da abin da ya faru na nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a duniya: nazari na yau da kullum da kuma meta-bincike.HealthPromotPerspect2020;10:98-115
3. Hirsch IB, Juneja R, Beals JM, Antalis CJ, Wright EE.Juyin halittar insulin da yadda yake ba da sanarwar jiyya da zaɓin magani.Endocr Rev 2020; 41: 733-755
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-01-2022