01 Menene haemoglobin
Gajartawar Ingilishi ga haemoglobin shine HGB ko Hb.Haemoglobin furotin ne na musamman wanda ke jigilar iskar oxygen a cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.Protein ne da ke sa jini ja.Ya ƙunshi Globin da heme.Ƙungiyar ma'auni ita ce adadin grams na haemoglobin a kowace lita (1000 ml) na jini.Ƙimar amfani da haemoglobin da ƙwayoyin jajayen jini iri ɗaya ne, kuma haɓakawa da raguwar haemoglobin na iya komawa ga mahimmancin asibiti na karuwa da raguwar ƙwayar jini.
Ma'anar darajar haemoglobin ya bambanta kadan dangane da jinsi da shekaru.Matsakaicin iyaka shine kamar haka: Baligi namiji: 110-170g/L, babba mace: 115-150g/L, jariri: 145-200g/L
02 haemoglobin kasa da na al'ada
Ana iya raba raguwar haemoglobin zuwa sauye-sauyen ilimin lissafi da na pathological.Ana yawan ganin raguwar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin nau'ikan anemia daban-daban, kuma dalilai na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:
① Kashin kasusuwa na hematopoietic tabarbarewa, irin su anemia aplastic, cutar sankarar bargo, myeloma, da fibrosis na kasusuwa;
② Rashin ƙarancin abu na hematopoietic ko cikas na amfani, irin su anemia ƙarancin ƙarfe, anemia sideroblastic, anemia megaloblastic, erythropenia (rashin folic acid da bitamin B);
③ Mummunan hasara na jini da na yau da kullun, kamar m asarar jini bayan tiyata ko rauni, cututtukan peptic, cutar parasitic;
④ Yawan lalata ƙwayoyin jini, irin su spherocytosis na gado, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinopathy mara kyau, anemia hemolytic;
⑤ Anemia lalacewa ko tare da wasu cututtuka (kamar kumburi, cutar hanta, cututtukan tsarin Endocrine).
Lokacin da yanayi daban-daban na anemia ya faru, saboda matakan haemoglobin daban-daban a cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, matakin raguwa a cikin ƙwayoyin ja da haemoglobin daidai yake.Ana iya amfani da ma'aunin haemoglobin don fahimtar ƙimar anemia, amma don ƙara fahimtar nau'in anemia, adadin ƙwayoyin jinin jini da kuma nazarin halittu, da sauran alamun da ke da alaƙa da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, ana buƙatar yin su.
03 Haemoglobin sama da kewayon al'ada
Haɓakar haemoglobin kuma za'a iya raba shi zuwa haɓakar ilimin halittar jiki da haɓaka.Hawan jini ya zama ruwan dare a wurare masu tsayi, kuma mazauna, 'yan tayi, jarirai, da lafiyayyukan da ke zaune a wurare masu tsayi na iya samun karuwar haemoglobin yayin motsa jiki mai tsanani ko aiki mai nauyi.Matsakaicin iskar oxygen a cikin iska a tsayin tsayi ya yi ƙasa da na a fili.Domin tabbatar da isassun iskar oxygen, jiki zai sami ramuwa, wato, adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini zai karu, wanda zai haifar da haɓakar haemoglobin.Ana kiran wannan sau da yawa "hypererythrosis", wanda shine ciwon tsaunuka na yau da kullum.Hakazalika, 'yan tayi da jarirai, saboda yanayin yanayin hypoxic a cikin mahaifa, suna da ƙananan matakan haemoglobin, wanda zai iya raguwa zuwa matsakaicin matsakaicin matsayi na manya bayan watanni 1-2 na haihuwa.Lokacin da muka fara motsa jiki mai ƙarfi ko aiki mai nauyi, za mu iya fuskantar hypoxia da yawan gumi, wanda ke ƙara ɗanƙon jini da haemoglobin.
Ana iya raba haɓakar cututtukan cututtuka zuwa haɓakar dangi da cikakkiyar ɗaukaka.Haɓakawa na dangi yawanci mafarki ne na ɗan lokaci wanda ya haifar da raguwar ƙarar plasma da haɓakar abubuwan da ake iya gani a cikin jini.Sau da yawa ana ganinsa a cikin yawan zubar jini, kuma sau da yawa yana haifar da mummunar amai, yawan zawo, yawan gumi, konewa mai yawa, ciwon sukari insipidus, da amfani da magunguna masu yawa.
Cikakkun haɓaka galibi yana da alaƙa da hypoxia nama, haɓaka matakin erythropoietin a cikin jini, da saurin sakin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini daga bargo, waɗanda za a iya gani a cikin:
① Primary Polycythemia: Cutar cuta ce ta myeloproliferative na yau da kullun, wacce ta zama ruwan dare a aikin asibiti.Yana da alaƙa da mucosa mai launin ja mai duhu wanda ke haifar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin jajayen jini da ɗaukacin jini duka, tare da haɓakar ƙwayoyin farin jini da platelets.
② Polycythemia na biyu: ana gani a cikin cututtukan zuciya na huhu, Emphysema mai hana, cyanotic nakasawar zuciya da cututtukan haemoglobin mara kyau;Yana da alaƙa da wasu ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace da cututtukan koda, irin su kansar koda, ciwon hepatocellular carcinoma, Uterine fibroid, cancer ovarian, renal embryoma da Hydronephrosis, koda polycystic, da dashen koda;Bugu da ƙari, ana iya gani a cikin haɓakar ƙwayar erythropoietin na iyali ba tare da bata lokaci ba da kuma karuwar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da kwayoyi ke haifarwa.
04 Haemoglobin a cikin Ayyukan Wasanni
'Yan wasa suna da nau'ikan sauye-sauye na haemoglobin, tare da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci.Ko babba ko ƙananan haemoglobin, girman girman haemoglobin ɗin su yayin horon motsa jiki gabaɗaya ya yi daidai da matakin canji na nauyin motsa jiki, kuma duka biyun suna kasancewa cikin takamaiman kewayon juzu'i.A cikin tsarin kulawa da haemoglobin, don samar da ƙarin ƙima da jagoranci don horarwa, ya kamata a gudanar da ƙima na mutum ɗaya akan canje-canjen haemoglobin na kowane ɗan wasa.
A farkon horarwa mai ƙarfi, ’yan wasa suna fuskantar raguwar Hb, amma raguwa gabaɗaya yana cikin kashi 10% na matsakaicin nasu, kuma ba za a sami raguwar ƙarfin motsa jiki ba.Bayan wani mataki na horo, lokacin da jiki ya dace da yawan motsa jiki, maida hankali na Hb zai sake tashi, yana ƙaruwa da kusan 10% idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin matakinsa, wanda ke nuna ingantaccen aiki da ikon motsa jiki.A wannan lokacin, 'yan wasa gabaɗaya sun fi yin kyau a gasa;Idan har yanzu matakin Hb bai tashi ba ko ma yana nuna yanayin ƙasa bayan matakin horo, wanda ya zarce ƙimar asali ta 10% zuwa 15%, yana nuna cewa nauyin motsa jiki yana da girma kuma jiki bai riga ya dace da motsa jiki ba. kaya.A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a mai da hankali ga daidaita tsarin horarwa da tsarin gasar, da karfafa karin abinci mai gina jiki.
Don haka yayin aiwatar da gano haemoglobin, yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade manyan horarwar wasanni masu dacewa, horon juriya, ko horar da sauri ga 'yan wasa, wanda zai iya taimakawa masu horarwa su zaɓi kayan.
05 Ganewar haemoglobin
Gano haemoglobin yana buƙatar gwajin jini a asibiti don gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma hanyar aunawa da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce launi mai nazarin ƙwayoyin jini.Ta hanyar amfani da na'urar tantance ƙwayoyin jini, za'a iya tantance yawan haemoglobin ta atomatik.A asibitoci na gabaɗaya, ƙididdigar haemoglobin baya buƙatar a gwada shi daban, kuma gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun na jini sun haɗa da ƙididdigar haemoglobin.
06 Mai nazarin haemoglobin mai ɗaukar nauyi
Mai ɗaukar nauyihaemoglobin analyzermai nazari ne wanda ke amfani da ka'idar haskaka haske don gano yawan haemoglobin a cikin dukkanin jinin jikin mutum ko veins.Mitar haemoglobinzai iya sauri samun ingantaccen sakamako ta hanyar aiki mai sauƙi.Karami ne, mai ɗaukuwa, mai sauƙin sarrafawa, kuma mai sauri don gano busasshen gwajin sinadarihaemoglobin Monitor.Tare da digo ɗaya na jinin yatsa, ana iya gano matakin haemoglobin (Hb) na majiyyaci da hematocrit (HCT) a cikin daƙiƙa 10.Ya dace sosai ga asibitoci a kowane mataki don aiwatar da gwajin kulawa, kuma ya fi dacewa da haɓakawa da amfani da ayyukan gwajin jiki na al'umma.Hanyoyin gano al'ada na buƙatar tattara samfuran jini da mayar da su zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji, wanda nauyi ne mai nauyi da rashin jin daɗi ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na asibiti don sadarwa tare da marasa lafiya da iyalansu a kan lokaci.Koyaya, mitoci na haemoglobin masu ɗaukar nauyi suna ba da mafita mafi kyau ga wannan.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-20-2023