Tun bayan bullar cutar Coronavirus ta farko, a watan Disambar 2019, cutar ta bazu zuwa miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya.Wannan annoba ta duniya ta novelmatsanancin ciwo na numfashi coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)yana daya daga cikin mafi tursasawa kuma game da rikice-rikicen kiwon lafiya na duniya a wannan zamani, wanda ke haifar da babbar barazana ga duniya tare da shafar kowane bangare na rayuwar dan adam.[1]
Coronaviruses an lullube su, tabbataccen hankali, ƙwayoyin cuta na RNA guda ɗaya a cikin dangin Coronaviridae, waɗanda ke da nau'ikan runduna kamar mutane, jemagu, raƙuma, da nau'ikan avian, gami da dabbobi da dabbobin abokantaka, suna yin barazana ga lafiyar jama'a. 1 Coronaviruses an rarraba su a cikin dangin Orthocoronavirinae, wanda aka ƙara zuwa kashi huɗu, dangane da bambance-bambance a cikin jerin furotin: a-coronavirus, b-coronavirus, g-coronavirus, da d-coronavirus.A-coronaviruses da b-coronaviruses suna cutar da dabbobi masu shayarwa kawai, yayin da g-coronaviruses da d-coronaviruses da farko suna cutar da tsuntsaye, kodayake wasu daga cikinsu na iya cutar da dabbobi masu shayarwa.HCoV-229E,
oV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, SARSCoV, MERS-CoV, da SARS-CoV-2 sune coronaviruses guda bakwai da aka gano suna cutar da mutane.Daga cikin su, SARSCoV da MERS-CoV, waɗanda suka bulla a cikin yawan mutane a cikin 2002 da 2012, suna da saurin kamuwa da cuta.Ganin cewa coronavirus ɗan adam (HCoV) -229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, ko HCoV-HKU1 nau'ikan da ke yawo a cikin yawan ɗan adam yana haifar da mura kawai, 7 matsananciyar cututtukan numfashi na coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), wakilin sanadin COVID-19, labari ne b-coronavirus, wanda da farko ya bayyana a ƙarshen 2019 kuma ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane da yawa.Alamomin farko naCUTAR COVID 19suna kama da na SARS-CoV da MERS-CoV: zazzabi, gajiya, bushewar tari, ciwon kirji, wani lokacin gudawa, da dyspnea.Sabanin bayacututtukan coronavirus (CoV)., saurin yaɗuwar duniya, yawan watsawa, tsawon lokacin shiryawa, ƙarin cututtukan asymptomatic, da tsananin cutar SARS-CoV-2 suna buƙatar zurfin ilimi game da dabarun gujewa rigakafin ƙwayar cuta.
Kamar sauran coronaviruses na ɗan adam (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV), SARSCoV-2 shima yana da nau'in kwayar halitta mai ma'ana guda ɗaya, tabbataccen ma'ana RNA na kusan 30 kb a girman.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 1, sunadaran nucleocapsid (N) sunadaran sunadaran kwayoyin halitta a cikin babban hadadden ribonucleoprotein (RNP), wanda sai lipids da furotin S (spike), M (membrane), da E (ambulaf) suka lullube su.Ƙarshen 50 na genome yana da manyan firam ɗin karantawa guda biyu (ORFs), ORF1a da ORF1b, suna ɓoye polypeptides pp1a da pp1b, waɗanda aka samar cikin sunadaran gina jiki 16 (NSPs) waɗanda suka haɗa da kowane bangare na kwafin hoto ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta ta NSP3 da NSP5 waɗanda ke tashar jiragen ruwa. yankin protease mai kama da papain da 3C-kamar protease yanki, bi da bi.9 Ƙarshen 30 na genome ya ƙunshi sunadaran tsari da sunadaran haɗe-haɗe, waɗanda ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, da ORF7b an tabbatar da su sune sunadaran tsarin tsarin hoto. a cikin samuwar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta da ORF3b da ORF6 suna aiki azaman masu adawa da interferon.Dangane da bayanin na yanzu dangane da kamanceceniya da sauran b-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 ya haɗa da tsinkayar sunadaran haɗe-haɗe guda shida (3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, da 10).Koyaya, ba duk waɗannan ORF ɗin ba ne aka inganta ta hanyar gwaji tukuna, kuma ainihin adadin ƙwayoyin na'urorin haɗi na SARS-CoV-2 har yanzu shine batun jayayya.Don haka, har yanzu ba a san ko wane nau'in kwayoyin halitta ne aka bayyana ta hanyar wannan karamin kwayar halittar ba.[2]
Gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci da ƙayyadaddun gwaje-gwaje suna da mahimmanci don ganowa da sarrafa marasa lafiya na COVID-19 tare da aiwatar da matakan sarrafawa don iyakance fashewa.Gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin cuta na Point-of-care (POC) suna da yuwuwar ba da damar ganowa a baya da kuma warewar 2 na tabbatar da shari'o'in SARS-CoV-2, idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin bincike na tushen dakin gwaje-gwaje, don haka rage watsawar gida da al'umma.
[1] Tasirin asibiti da aiki na saurin gano wuri-na-kulawa SARS-CoV-2 a cikin sashin gaggawa
[2] Yaƙi tsakanin mai masaukin baki da SARS-CoV-2: rigakafi na asali da dabarun gujewa kamuwa da cuta
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-25-2022