Agwajin maganinazari ne na fasaha na samfurin halitta, misali fitsari, gashi, jini, numfashi, gumi, ko ruwan bakin baki/domin tantancewa ko rashin takamaiman magungunan iyaye ko metabolites ɗin su.Manyan aikace-aikace na gwajin miyagun ƙwayoyi sun haɗa da gano kasancewar abubuwan haɓaka aikin steroids a cikin wasanni, masu ɗaukar ma'aikata da kuma jami'an bincike na binciken magungunan da doka ta hana (kamar su.cocaine, methamphetamine, da tabar heroin) da jami'an 'yan sanda suna gwada kasancewar barasa (ethanol) a cikin jinin da aka fi sani da BAC (abun barasa na jini).Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen BAC ta hanyar na'urar numfashi yayin da ake amfani da urinalysis don yawancin gwajin ƙwayoyi a wasanni da wuraren aiki.Hanyoyi da yawa tare da mabanbantan matakan daidaito, azanci (gane kofa/yanke), da lokutan ganowa sun wanzu.
Gwajin magani na iya komawa zuwa gwajin da ke ba da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na sinadarai na miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, wanda aka yi niyya don taimakawa tare da alhakin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi.[1]
Ana amfani da nazarin fitsari da farko saboda ƙarancin farashi.Gwajin maganin fitsariyana daya daga cikin hanyoyin gwaji da aka fi amfani da su.Gwajin rigakafin da ya ninka na enzyme shine mafi yawan amfani da fitsari.An yi korafe-korafe game da yawan adadin abubuwan da ba a tabbatar da su ba ta amfani da wannan gwajin.[2]
Gwaje-gwajen magungunan fitsari suna duba fitsari don kasancewar magungunan iyaye ko metabolites.Matsayin miyagun ƙwayoyi ko metabolites ɗin sa baya tsinkayar lokacin da aka sha maganin ko nawa majinyaci yayi amfani da shi.
Gwajin maganin fitsariimmunoassay ne bisa ka'idar daurin gasa.Magunguna waɗanda ƙila su kasance a cikin samfuran fitsari suna fafatawa da mahaɗar magungunan su don ɗaure rukunin yanar gizo akan takamaiman maganin rigakafin su.Lokacin gwaji, samfurin fitsari yana ƙaura zuwa sama ta hanyar aikin capillary.Wani magani, idan yana cikin samfurin fitsari a ƙasan matakin da aka yanke, ba zai cika wuraren dauri na takamaiman maganin sa ba.Maganin rigakafin zai sake amsawa tare da haɗin gwargwado-protein kuma layin launi na bayyane zai bayyana a cikin layin gwajin takamaiman tsiri na miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Kuskure na yau da kullun shine gwajin magani wanda ke gwada nau'ikan magunguna, alal misali, opioids, zai gano duk magungunan wannan aji.Koyaya, yawancin gwaje-gwajen opioid ba za su dogara ga gano oxycodone, oxymorphone, meperidine, ko fentanyl ba.Hakanan, yawancin gwaje-gwajen miyagun ƙwayoyi na benzodiazepine ba za su iya gano lorazepam a dogara ba.Koyaya, allon magungunan fitsari waɗanda ke gwada takamaiman magani, maimakon duka aji, galibi ana samun su.
Lokacin da ma'aikaci ya nemi gwajin magani daga ma'aikaci, ko likita ya nemi gwajin magani daga majiyyaci, ma'aikaci ko majiyyaci yawanci ana ba da umarnin zuwa wurin tattarawa ko gidansu.Samfurin fitsari yana wucewa ta ƙayyadadden 'sarkar tsarewa' don tabbatar da cewa ba'a lalata shi ta hanyar lab ko kuskuren ma'aikaci ba.Ana tattara fitsarin majiyyaci ko ma'aikaci a wani wuri mai nisa a cikin ƙoƙon da aka kera na musamman, an rufe shi da tef ɗin da ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma a aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don a gwada magunguna (yawanci 5 panel na Abuse Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration).Mataki na farko a wurin gwajin shine a raba fitsari gida biyu.An fara bincikar aliquot ɗaya don magunguna ta amfani da na'urar nazari wanda ke yin immunoassay azaman allo na farko.Don tabbatar da ingancin samfurin da kuma gano yiwuwar mazinata, ana gwada ƙarin sigogi.Wasu suna gwada kaddarorin fitsari na yau da kullun, kamar, creatinine na fitsari, pH, da takamaiman nauyi.Wasu ana nufin kama abubuwan da aka ƙara a cikin fitsari don canza sakamakon gwajin, kamar, oxidants (ciki har da bleach), nitrites, da gluteraldehyde.Idan allon fitsari yana da inganci to ana amfani da wani aliquot na samfurin don tabbatar da binciken ta gas chromatography — mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ko ruwa chromatography – mass spectrometry methodology.Idan likita ko ma'aikaci ya nema, ana duba wasu magunguna don ɗaiɗaiku;Waɗannan gabaɗaya magunguna ne na rukunin sinadarai waɗanda, saboda ɗaya daga cikin dalilai da yawa, ana ɗaukar ƙarin ɗabi'a ko damuwa.Misali, ana iya gwada oxycodone da diamorphine, duka biyun analgesics.Idan ba a nemi irin wannan gwajin ba musamman, ƙarin gwajin gaba ɗaya (a cikin yanayin da ya gabata, gwajin opioids) zai gano yawancin magungunan ajin, amma ma'aikaci ko likita ba zai sami fa'idar asalin maganin ba. .
Ana isar da sakamakon gwajin da ke da alaƙa da aiki zuwa ofishin bita na likita (MRO) inda likitan likita ke duba sakamakon.Idan sakamakon allon mara kyau, MRO yana sanar da ma'aikaci cewa ma'aikaci ba shi da wani magani da za a iya ganowa a cikin fitsari, yawanci a cikin sa'o'i 24.Koyaya, idan sakamakon gwajin immunoassay da GC-MS ba mara kyau bane kuma suna nuna matakin maida hankali na magungunan iyaye ko metabolite sama da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, MRO ya tuntuɓi ma'aikaci don sanin ko akwai wani dalili na halal-kamar likita. magani ko takardar sayan magani.
[1] "Na shafe karshen mako na gwada magunguna a wani biki".The Independent.Yuli 25, 2016. An dawo da Mayu 18, 2017.
[2] Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka: Hukumar Kula da Tsaro ta Hanyar Hanya ta Ƙasa (DOT HS 810 704).Gwajin matukin jirgi na Sabuwar Hanyar Binciken Gefen Hanya don Rashin Tuƙi.Janairu, 2007.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-30-2022