Bisa ga Cibiyar Ilimin Cholesterol ta Kasa (NCEP), Ƙungiyar Ciwon sukari ta Amirka (ADA), da CDC, mahimmancin fahimtar matakan lipid da glucose yana da mahimmanci wajen rage farashin kiwon lafiya da mutuwar daga yanayin da za a iya hanawa.[1-3].
Dyslipidemia an bayyana shi azaman hawan jinicholesterol ko triglycerides (TG), ko duka biyu, ko kadanhigh-density lipoprotein (HDL)matakin da ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban atherosclerosis.Abubuwan farko na dyslipidemia na iya haɗawa da maye gurbi wanda ke haifar da haɓakawa ko rashin lahani na TGlow-density lipoprotein (LDL)Cholesterol ko a cikin ƙarancin samarwa ko sharewar HDL da yawa.Abubuwan da ke haifar da dyslipidemia na biyu sun haɗa da salon rayuwa tare da yawan cin abinci mai kitse da cholesterol.[4]
Cholesterol wani lipid ne da ake samu a cikin dukkan kyallen jikin dabba, jini, bile, da kitsen dabba wanda ke da mahimmanci ga samuwar kwayar halitta da aiki, haɓakar hormone, da samar da bitamin mai-mai narkewa.Cholesterol yana tafiya ta cikin jini a cikin lipoproteins.5 LDLs suna isar da cholesterol zuwa sel, inda ake amfani da shi a cikin membranes ko don haɓakar hormones na steroid.6 Matsayin LDL mai girma yana haifar da tarin cholesterol a cikin arteries.Akasin haka, HDL yana tattara cholesterol da yawa daga sel kuma yana dawo da shi cikin hanta.Ƙaramar cholesterol a cikin jini na iya haɗuwa da wasu abubuwa, yana haifar da samuwar plaque.TG sune esters waɗanda aka samo daga glycerol da acid fatty acids gabaɗaya ana adana su a cikin ƙwayoyin mai.Hormones suna sakin TG don kuzari tsakanin abinci.TG na iya tayar da haɗarin cututtukan zuciya kuma ana la'akari da alamar cutar ciwon daji;don haka lura da lipid yana da mahimmanci saboda rashin kula da dyslipidemia na iya haifar da haɓakar cututtukan zuciya.[7]
Ana gano dyslipidemia ta hanyar amfani da maganigwajin bayanin martaba na lipid.1Wannan gwajin yana auna jimlar cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TG, da LDL cholesterol.
Ciwon sukari mellitus
Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce ta yau da kullun wacce ke nuna tabarbarewar amfani da insulin da glucagon a jiki.Glucagon yana ɓoyewa don amsawa ga ƙarancin ƙwayar glucose, yana haifar da glycogenolysis.Insulin yana ɓoye ne saboda amsa abinci, yana haifar da sel su ɗauki glucose daga jini su canza shi zuwa glycogen don ajiya.Rashin aiki a cikin glucagon ko insulin na iya haifar da hyperglycemia.Ciwon sukari na iya lalata idanu, kodan, jijiyoyi, zuciya, da tasoshin jini.Akwai gwaje-gwaje da yawa da ake amfani da su don gano ciwon sukari.Wasu daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da glucose na jini bazuwar da gwajin glucose na plasma na azumi.[9]
Epidemiology
A cewar CDC, manya miliyan 71 na Amurka (33.5%) suna da dyslipidemia.Kashi 1 cikin 3 na mutanen da ke da babban cholesterol ke da yanayin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawa.Matsakaicin jimlar cholesterol na manyan Amurkawa shine 200 mg/dL.11 CDC ta kiyasta cewa Amurkawa miliyan 29.1 (9.3%) suna da ciwon sukari, tare da miliyan 21 da aka gano kuma miliyan 8.1 (27.8%) ba a gano su ba.[2].
Hyperlipidemia“cutar dukiya” ce ta gama-gari a cikin al’ummar yau.A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, ta ci gaba zuwa babban abin da ya faru a duniya.A cewar WHO, tun daga karni na 21, kimanin mutane miliyan 2.6 ne suka mutu sakamakon cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini (kamar myocardial infarction da bugun jini) wanda ke haifar da hyperlipidemia na dogon lokaci a kowace shekara.Yawancin hyperlipidemia a cikin manya na Turai shine 54%, kuma kusan manya miliyan 130 na Turai suna da hyperlipidemia.Abubuwan da ke faruwa na hyperlipidemia a Amurka daidai suke da tsanani amma kadan kadan fiye da na Turai.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kashi 50 cikin 100 na maza da kashi 48 na mata a Amurka suna da hauhawar jini.Hyperlipidemia marasa lafiya suna da haɗari ga apoplexy na cerebral;Kuma idan magudanar jinin da ke cikin idanuwan jikin dan Adam sun toshe, hakan zai haifar da raguwar gani, ko ma makanta;Idan ya faru a cikin koda, zai haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na renal arteriosclerosis, yana shafar aikin koda na al'ada na majiyyaci, da kuma faruwar gazawar koda.Idan ya faru a cikin ƙananan ƙafafu, necrosis da ulcers na iya faruwa.Bugu da ƙari, yawan lipids na jini na iya haifar da rikitarwa kamar hauhawar jini, gallstones, pancreatic da dementia na tsofaffi.
NASARA
1. Rahoton Na Uku na Shirin Ilimin Cholesterol na Kasa (NCEP) Kwamitin Kwararru akan Ganewa, Kima da Kula da Babban Cholesterol na Jini a cikin Manya (Panel Medical Panel III) na ƙarshe.Zagayawa.2002; 106: 3143-3421.
2. CDC.Rahoton Kididdigar Ciwon Suga na Kasa na 2014.Oktoba 14, 2014. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014statisticsreport.html.An shiga Yuli 20, 2014.
3. CDC, Rarraba don Ciwon Zuciya da Kariya.Takardun gaskiyar Cholesterol.www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_cholesterol.htm.An shiga Yuli 20, 2014.
4. Goldberg A. Dyslipidemia.Merck Manual Professional Version.www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders/lipid_disorders/dyslipidemia.html.An shiga Yuli 6, 2014.
5. Cibiyar Zuciya, Huhu, da Jini ta ƙasa.Bincika babban cholesterol na jini.https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc/.An shiga Yuli 6, 2014.
6. Sabar gidan yanar gizo darussa na Jami'ar Washington.Cholesterol, lipoproteins da hanta.http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/cholesterol/liver.html.An shiga Yuli 10, 2014.
7. Mayo Clinic.Babban cholesterol.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/art-20048186.An shiga Yuni 10, 2014.
8. Ciwon suga.co.uk.Glucagon.www.diabetes.co.uk/body/glucagon.html.An shiga Yuli 15, 2014.
9. Mayo Clinic.Ciwon sukari.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20033091.An shiga Yuni 20, 2014.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-17-2022